Wristwatch calculator

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a combination wristwatch and wrist calculator. The wristwatch comprises an eight digit electro-optical display indicating time and calendar information when in the time display mode and indicating the result of a computation when in the calculate mode. A manually operated mode switch controls the display and calculations are entered by way of a miniature keyboard on the watch face.

[Jnited States Patent [191 Reese [111 3,803,834 [451 Apr. 16, 1974 WRISTWATCH CALCULATOR [75] Inventor: Robert 0. Reese, Lancaster, Pa. [73] Assignee: Time Computer, Inc., Lancaster, Pa. 22 Filed: Feb. 6, 1973 21 A No.: 329,973

[52] 11.8. CI. 58/152 R, 58/50 R [51] Int. Cl G04b 47/06, G04b 19/30 [58] Field of Search 58/4, 23 R, 23 A, 50 R, 58/127, 152 R; 235/152 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,653,204 4/1972 Miwa 58/42.5 3,613,351 10/1970 Walton 58/23 3,328,954 7/1967 Miller 5 8/23 6/1972 Mitsui 58/50 R 1/1965 Sherwin 58/50 R X Primary Examiner-Richard B. Wilkinson Assistant Examiner-Edith C. S. Jackmon Attorney, Agent, or Firrn-LeBlanc & Shur [5 7] ABSTRACT Disclosed is a combination wristwatch and wrist calculator. The wristwatch comprises an eight digit electrooptical display indicating time and calendar informa tion when in the time display mode and indicating the result of a computation when in the calculate mode. A manually operated mode switch controls the display and calculations are entered by way of a miniature keyboard on the watch face.

22 Cflaims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAPR 16 I974 38m; 834

SHEET 1 BF 3 FIG.

PATENTEDAPR 16 I914 SHEET 2 OF 3 135m :58 m; 123333 aw? w r 8 mm x x PATENTEDAPR 16 I974 SHEET 3 [IF 3 FIG. 6

LIQUID CRYSTAL 0768834 OR LED DISPLAY I28 fl IIZB I32 swncmne, LSI DECODING AND CALCULATOR m0 LOGIC CIRCUITS CIRCUITS CLOCK STROBE PULSE I LSI INPUT KEYBOARD "535 TIME AND DATE 2 AND CIRCUITS MODE SELECT us I30 ll WRISTWATCII CALCULATOR This invention relates to a combination wristwatch and calculator and' more particularly to a combination solid state wrist calculator and crystal controlled preci sion timepiece incorporating a miniature keyboard array and an eight digit electro-optical digital display in the form of a plurality of liquid crystal elements or light emitting diodes. The time display and the calculate operations are mutually exclusive and are selected by a mode switch.

In recent years there have been developed a variety of new Wristwatches generally referred to as electronic watches. In many instances these devices use as a timing source a crystal controlled electronic oscillator whose frequency is divided down to produce timing signals at a frequency of 1 Hz and less by a low power solid state divider often incorporating complementary MOS transistors. In some instances the Wristwatches have incorporated an electro-optical digital display in the form of liquid crystals or light emitting diodes. A wristwatch of this general type incorporating light emitting diodes is disclosed in assignees U.S. Pat. No. 3,672,155 whereas a similar wristwatch construction utilizing a liquid crystal digital display is disclosed in assignees U.S. Pat. No. 3,701,249. Through the use of large-scale integrated circuits it is possible to form most of the active components of the wristwatch from a single large-scale integrated circuit chip or at the most only a few chips.

Recent years have also seen the development of a new family of electronic calculators generally referred to as pocket calculators. These calculators have taken a wide range of forms depending upon size and complexity but in many cases have incorporated integrated circuitry in combination with a digital numerical display. While in some instances the pocket calculators have been sufficiently small to be readily held in the palm of one hand, they have in all instances been quite large and bulky in relation to a modern sized mans wristwatch. Oneof the limiting factors in further reduction in size of a pocket calculator has been the necessity for a readily accessible keyboard which can be easily and accurately operated without placing undue requirements on themanual dexterity of the operator to perform the desired mathematical calculations.

The present invention is directed to a novel wristwatch device which combines the features of both a precision timepiece and a very small or miniature electronic calculator. This is made possible by combining in a novel manner certain features of the newer type Wristwatches with certain features of the. so-called pocket calculators and by providing an improved and unique miniature keyboard on the watch face.

In the present invention time, which as used herein includes calendar information such as the day and month of the year, is constantly kept. This time information is displayed when desired on the face of the watch in the form ofa digital numerical display. In the preferred embodiment the display takes the form of an eight digit electro-optical display using two digits to display minutes, two digits for hours, two digits for the day of the month and the last two digits for the month of the year. By manually depressing a mode switch on the wristwatch the calculator portion of the device is actuated and the eight digit display made responsive to the digital calculator circuitry. By depressing appropriate keys on the face of the wristwatch the desired mathematical calculations are performed by the calculator circuits within the watch and the result is displayed on the same eight digit display previously used to indicate time. Important features of the present invention include the fact that time is constantly being kept in the wristwatch even when operating in the calculate mode so that accurate time may be displayed at any instant. In addition, when the device is being utilized to display time, i.e., is not in the calculate mode, the calculator circuits are deenergized so as to minimize the power drain on the small size energy source or battery provided in the wristwatch case. In one embodiment of the present invention the display is formed by a plurality of liquid crystals preferably of the newer field effect type while in a second embodiment of the present invention the display is an active one incorporating light emitting diodes.

It is, therefore, one object of the present invention to provide an improved wrist calculator.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a wristwatch incorporating a digital calculator.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved wrist calculator having a novel miniaturized calculator keyboard.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination wristwatch and calculator which both share a common digital display.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic wristwatch having a novel miniaturized calculator keyboard on the. wristwatch face.

Another object of the present invention is to. provide a combination wristwatch and calculator including a calendar time display.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination wristwatch and electronic calculator incorporating a common electro-optical display in the form of liquid crystals or light emitting diodes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination wristwatch and electronic calculator in which time is constantly kept and in which the calculator circuitry is only energized when the calculate mode is selected by the wearer. i

These and further objects and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent upon reference to the following specification, claims and appended drawingswherein:

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a combination wristwatch and electronic calculator constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic circuitry forming the device of FIG. 11;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the calculator keyboard of FIG. ll;

FIG. 4 is a cross section through a portion of the keyboard of FIG. ll;

FIG. 5 is a cross section through a modified keyboard construction which may be used in the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 1 showing a modified combination wristwatch and electronic calculator constructed in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 7 is a block diagram for the circuitry of the modified device of FIG. 6.

Referring to the drawings, the novel combination wristwatch and electronic claculator of the present invention is generally indicated at 10 in FIG. 1 as comprising a watch case 12 to which is attached a wristwatch band or bracelet 14. Mounted on the face 16 of the watch is an electrical digital display 18 and a calculator keyboard 20. The display includes a four digit calendar portion 22 with the numerals 12/28 indicating the date of Dec. 28 and with a four digital time portion 24 showing the numerals 10:37 indicating, that it is 37 minutes after 10 oclock. Keyboard 20 is providedwith keys for the decimal numbers through 9, with a decimal point key, and with keys for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and additional keys for either constant or chain operation.

In operation, the hours and minutes of time as well as day and month of the year are continuously displayed at the display stations 18 and appropriately advance in indication with a change in time. The digital display stations are each preferably formed from a plurality of liquid cyrstals either of the light scattering type or preferably of the newer field effect type. Since liquid crystals draw little power the time may be continuously displayed at the display stations without unduly loading the watch battery incorporated in the display case. When it is desired to operate the device in a calculate mode a push button 26 mounted on the watch case is depressed closing a switch which clears the calculator and causes the display to display all zeros. The keyboard is then operated to perform the desired calculation of either addition, subtraction,multiplication or division through binary calculator circuitry incorporated in the watch case ina well known manner. When calculations have been completed the result appears on the display 18 and once the result has been noted, the display may be returned to its time display function by again depressing the push button 26 to open the mode switch.

FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram .of the electronic circuit for the device of FIG. 1. The electronic circuit generally indicated at 30 comprises a power source 32 which by way of example only may comprise a pair of conventional 1 /2 volt wristwatch batteries connected in series to provide a nominal 3 volt power supply to the various components of the device 10. Energized from the battery is a time-keeping circuit generally indicated at 34 which comprises crystal oscillator 36, a divider 38, a time circuit 40 (hours and minutes) and a calendar circuit 42 (days and months). These elements are connected to the positive side of the power supply 32 by respective leads 44, 46, 48 and 50. This connection is continuous so that time is constantly being kept by the time circuit 34 irrespective of whether time information is displayed or the device is operating in the calculate mode. In the preferred embodiment, oscillator 36, divider 40, time circuit 42 and calendar circuit44 are formed of complementary MOS transistors utilizing large-scale integration circuit techniques. The digital display 18 in FIG. 2 is shown as connected to the positive side of the power source through a voltage up-converter 52 which converts the three volt output of battery 32 to the approximately volts or more necessary to drive the liquid crystal elements of the display 18. As previously indicated, the liquid crystals draw very small current and, therefore, may be continuously illuminated without resulting in an undue amount of current drain from battery 32.

Battery 32 also has its positive side connected by a lead 54 to a decoder 56 which by way of example only may be a binary coded decimal to seven segment decoder and whose output drives the digital display 18 by way of lead 58. Decoder 56 is preferably formed from low power complementary MOS transistors and receives timing information from time circuit 40 by way of lead 60 and calendar information from calendar circuit 42 by way of lead 62. This information passes to the decoder from the time circuit 40 and the calendar or date circuit 42 by way of a transmission gate circuit 68 receiving energy from the power supply over lead 72. The time-keeping portion of the circuit 34 as well as the decoder 56 and transmission gate 68 by way of example only may be of the CMOS type shown and described in assignees copending application Ser. No. 219,953 filed Jan. 24, 1972 entitled SOLID STATE WATCH WITH CALENDAR DISPLAY.

The keys of the keyboard 20 of FIG. 1 are connected to corresponding keyboard switches 64 of FIG. 2 which are in turn connected to an electronic calculator circuit 66. This circuit is preferably formed of complementary MOS transistors and is provided with sufiicient storage to perform the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division previously described. The output of the calculator circuit 66 which is preferably in the same BCD form as the time and date information is passed to the transmission gate 56 over lead 70. The output from calculator 66 as well as the outputs from time circuit 40 and calendar circuit 42 are preferably encoded in accordance with the 8421 bcd code.

Calculator 66 and transmission gate 68 are energized from the power supply 32 through a mode switch 74 which is actuated in response to depression of the push button 26 of FIG. 1. When mode switch 74 of FIG. 2 is closed, energy is supplied from the power supply 32 to the calculator and to the gate. Closure of mode switch 74 switches the gate so that instead of passing time information from the time leads 60 and 62 to the decoder it passes the calculator output information on lead 70. Depression of the keyboard keys cause the calculator to perform the desired operation and its output which is internally converted into 8421 bcd signals passes through decoder 56 to energize display 18 with the desired answer or result. Once calculations are completed, push buttom 26 is again depressed opening switch 74, de-energizing the calculator circuits and removing the signal on lead 74 to the transmission gate so that the decoder again displays time information from time circuit 40 and calendar circuit 42.

FIG. 3 shows a portion of the keyboard 20 including a plurality of keys 78 and FIG. 4 is a cross section through three of these keys. The keys 78 are preferably formed of electrical conductive plastic of the snap acting type having sufficient resiliency to snap back after depression into the arcuate shape illustrated by keys 80 in FIG. 4. By way of example only the conductive plastic for the keys may be formed of a composition of micron-size copper particles dispersed in a cross linked polymer classified as a conductive polymer. Volume resistivity and thermal elasticity are a function of the metal loading by weight. When one of the keys such as key 84 in FIG. 4 is depressed as by the end of a standard ball point pen or similar device, the central portion of the key engages the head of an electrically conductive pin 86 passing through the face 16 of the watch. Similar pins 88 and 90 secure the edges of the key and each of these pins is connected to an electrically conductive lead 92 while the center pin 86 is connected to a corresponding lead 94. It can be seen that depression of key 64 into engagement with the head of pin 86 establishes an electrical circuit between leads 92 and the central lead 94 so as to complete a circuit in the calculator circuitry 66 of FIG. 2. When the key is re leased the inherent resiliency of the plastic material from which it is formed causes it to snap back into the arcuate position illustrated by the keys 86 and 82, thus breaking the circuit to the calculator.

FIG. 5 shows a modified keyboard construction involving no moving keys. In this embodiment the electrically insulating watch face I6 has secured to it an electrically conductive metallic layer I00 having suitable key indicia imprinted on it. This layer is connected to the calculator circuit 66 of FIG. 2 by a common lead 162. Passing through face plate I6 of the watch are electrically conductive pins I04, I06 and I06 and the upper ends of these pins extend above the face plate I6 and are received in concave hollows or cavities IIII, II2, and II4 etched out of or otherwise suitably provided in conductive metal layer I66. An electrical circuit is completed from the common lead 1102 through layer I00 to the appropriate one of pins I64, I06 or I08 by inserting conductive metallic stylus II6 into the appropriately labelled aperture or cavity so that the stylus is in contact both with the metal layer 100 and with the appropriate pin such as the pin I66. This completes a circuit to the calculator by way of lead I02 and the corresponding one of the electrical leads I1l6, I and I22 of the pin I04, I06 and I08.

FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment of the combination wristwatch and electronic calculator of the present invention with like parts bearing like reference numerals. In the embodiment of FIG. 6 the liquid crystal display I6 is replaced with an identical display II2 ex cept that the display I12 employs light emitting diodes rather than liquid crystals. That is, whereas the liquid crystal display I8 in the embodiment of FIG. I is a passive display, the display II2 ofFIG. 6 is an active one. Furthermore, since the light emitting diodes forming the display II2 draw a significant amount of current from the wristwatch battery when they are illuminated, the device 110 of FIG. 6 also incorporates a demand push button II4I so that the time information is only displayed, that is, the light emitting diodes are only energized to display time when the push button I I6 is manually depressed.

The operation of the calculator portion of the device III) of FIG. 6 is the same as that in the embodiment of FIG. I previously described. However, in order to further conserve the energy drawn from the battery by the light emitting diodes in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the diode stations forming the display II2 are preferably strobed so that only two digits of the time display are on at any one time. However, this strobing is at a sufficiently high rate or sufficiently high frequency so as to give the appearance of a continuous light emitting display at all stations whenever the demand push button II4 is depressed. FIG. 7 shows an overall block diagram of the electrical circuit for the embodiment of FIG. 6 including the arrangement for strobing the light emitting diode display II2. Reference made be had to assignee's copending application Ser. No. 219,956 filed Jan. 24, 1972 for a detailed disclosure of an arrangement for strobing a light emitting diode time display which may be utilized in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7 of this invention.

Briefly, with reference to FIG. 7, the crystal oscillator 36 is connected to the time and date circuits IIB which correspond to the time circuit 40 of FIG. 2 and the calendar circuit 42 of FIG. 2 but which in the embodiment of FIG. v7 are combined into the single circuit IIB. Again the circuit is preferably formed of large-scale integrated circuits comprising as active elements only complementary symmetry MOS transistors. The time information in binarycoded decimal form according to an 8421 bed code is supplied to the combined switch ing, decoding, and logic circuits I20 again formed solely of active elements in the form of CMOS. Also forming a part of the LSI time and data circuit I18 of FIG.'7 is the CMOS divider 38 of FIG. 2 and from this divider is derived a clock strobe pulse signal generally indicated in FIG. 7 by the clock strobe pulse source I22 feeding a strobe pulse into circuit I20. The strobe pulses generated in circuit are applied by lines 1241 to strobe the display I12. Timing information in suitable form for driving a seven bar segment array of light emitting diodes at each station is supplied to the display over leads I26. These are applied through discrete bipolar driver transistors I28 to the eight stations of the display I12. The keyoard and mode circuit I30 operates in the manner previously described in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. I as does the LSI calculator circuit I32. As in the previous embodiment when the mode button 26 of FIG. 6 is depressed, the calculator circuit is energized, the calculator memories are cleared, and the light emitting diode display stations are all energized to display a zero at each station. The desired problem is inserted by the keyboard and the result of the addition, subtraction,multiplication or division is numerically displayed by the eight digit display station 112. When the calculation is completed and the result noted the push button 26 of FIG. 6 is again depressed opening the mode switch, de-energizing the calculator portion of the device and switching the decode circuit over to receive the input from the combination time and date circuit 116. As previously indicated in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7 although timing information is supplied to the display, the display is not actually energized to display timing informa: tion until the demand button II4 of FIG. 6 is depressed.

It is apparent from the above that the present invention provides an improved wrist calculator and in particular provides a wrist device which combines the features of both a wristwatch or timepiece and a miniature calculator. Important features of the present invention include a novel miniature keyboard which is incorporated on a wristwatch case and also includes the utilization of common decoding circuitry for displaying both time and the results of mathematical calculations. Since all active electrical elements of the combined device with the exception of the bipolar drivers for the light emitting diode display in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7 are preferably formed of complementary symmetry MOS transistors, substantially the entire electrical circuitry for the device of this invention may be formed using large-scale integrated circuit techniques and may consist of only one or at the msot only a few large-scale integrated circuit chips. The use of complementary symmetry MOS transistors insures that there is only a small power drain on the wristwatch battery forming the sole power supply for the device since complementary symmetry MOS transistors draw only a minimum amount ofcurrent. Based upon a normal number of operations per day a conventional two cell wristwatch battery should have a life in the device of the present invention of from 6 months up to as much as a year and one half before it need be replaced.

The invention may be embodied in-other specific forms without departing from the spirit or-essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

l. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising a wristwatch case, an electro-optical digital display on said case, a timing circuit in said case, means for coupling said timing circuit to said display, a calculator keyboard on said case, an electronic calculator circuit in said case coupled to said keyboard, and means for coupling said calculator circuit to said display.

2. A device according to claim l.wherein said display comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes.

3. A device according to claim 1 wherein said electro-optical display comprises four display stations for displaying the hours and minutes of time.

4. A device according to claim 3 wherein said display comprises additional display stations for displaying calendar information. a

5. A device according to claim 4 wherein said additional stations comprise four stations for displaying day and month in numerical form.

6. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising an electro-optical digital display, a power source coupled to said display, an electronic timing circuit including a reference frequency electrical signal source, a decoder coupling said timing circuit to said electro-optical digital display, a calculator keyboard, an electronic calculator coupled to said keyboard, and a manually operated switch for coupling said electronic calculator to said decoder, said decoder coupling the output of said calculator to said display when said switch is operated.

7. A device according to claim 6 wherein said reference frequency electrical signal source comprises a crystal oscillator.

8. A device according to claim 6 wherein said power source comprises a battery.

9. A device according to claim 8 including a voltage up-converter coupling said battery to said electrooptical display.

10. A device according to claim 6 wherein said switch is actuated by a mode button on said device.

11. A device according to claim 6 wherein said switch also couples said power source to said electronic calculator whereby said calculator is only energized upon operation of said switch.

12. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising a wristwatch having a watch face, an electro-optical digital display on said watch face, a power a source coupled to said display, an electronic timing circuit including a crystal oscillator and divider normally coupled to said display, a keyboard mounted on said watch face adjacent said display, an electronic calculator coupled to said keyboard, and a manually operated mode switch coupled to said timing circuit and to said calculator for uncoupling said display from the output of said timing circuit and coupling said display to the output of said calculator.

13. A device according to claim 12 wherein said keyboard comprises a plurality of flexible and resilient keys.

14. A device according to claim 13 wherein said keys are made of an electrically conductive plastic.

15. A device according to claim 12 wherein said keyboard is made entirely of stationary elements.

16. A device according to claim 15 wherein said keyboard comprises an electrically conductive metallic layer on said face, said layer including a plurality of apertures, and an electrically conductive pin passing through said face and into each of said apertures whereby an electrical circuit may be completed between said layer and one of said pins by inserting an electrically conductive stylus into one of said apertures.

17. A device according to claim 12 including a common decoder coupling said timing circuit and said electronic calculator to said display, said mode switch switching the input of said decoder between the output of said timing circuit and the output of said calculator.

18. A device according to claim 17 including a transmission gate coupling said calculator to said decoder.

19. A device according to claim 18 wherein said stations of said display. 

1. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising a wristwatch case, an electro-optical digital display on said case, a timing circuit in said case, means for coupling said timing circuit to said display, a calculator keyboard on said case, an electronic calculator circuit in said case coupled to said keyboard, and means for coupling said calculator circuit to said display.
 2. A device according to claim 1 wherein said display comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes.
 3. A device according to claim 1 wherein said electro-optical display comprises four display stations for displaying the hours and minutes of time.
 4. A device according to claim 3 wherein said display comprises additional display stations for displaying calendar information.
 5. A device according to claim 4 wherein said additional stations comprise four stations for displaying day and month in numerical form.
 6. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising an electro-optical digital display, a power source coupled to said display, an electronic timing cIrcuit including a reference frequency electrical signal source, a decoder coupling said timing circuit to said electro-optical digital display, a calculator keyboard, an electronic calculator coupled to said keyboard, and a manually operated switch for coupling said electronic calculator to said decoder, said decoder coupling the output of said calculator to said display when said switch is operated.
 7. A device according to claim 6 wherein said reference frequency electrical signal source comprises a crystal oscillator.
 8. A device according to claim 6 wherein said power source comprises a battery.
 9. A device according to claim 8 including a voltage up-converter coupling said battery to said electro-optical display.
 10. A device according to claim 6 wherein said switch is actuated by a mode button on said device.
 11. A device according to claim 6 wherein said switch also couples said power source to said electronic calculator whereby said calculator is only energized upon operation of said switch.
 12. A combination wristwatch and wrist calculator comprising a wristwatch having a watch face, an electro-optical digital display on said watch face, a power source coupled to said display, an electronic timing circuit including a crystal oscillator and divider normally coupled to said display, a keyboard mounted on said watch face adjacent said display, an electronic calculator coupled to said keyboard, and a manually operated mode switch coupled to said timing circuit and to said calculator for uncoupling said display from the output of said timing circuit and coupling said display to the output of said calculator.
 13. A device according to claim 12 wherein said keyboard comprises a plurality of flexible and resilient keys.
 14. A device according to claim 13 wherein said keys are made of an electrically conductive plastic.
 15. A device according to claim 12 wherein said keyboard is made entirely of stationary elements.
 16. A device according to claim 15 wherein said keyboard comprises an electrically conductive metallic layer on said face, said layer including a plurality of apertures, and an electrically conductive pin passing through said face and into each of said apertures whereby an electrical circuit may be completed between said layer and one of said pins by inserting an electrically conductive stylus into one of said apertures.
 17. A device according to claim 12 including a common decoder coupling said timing circuit and said electronic calculator to said display, said mode switch switching the input of said decoder between the output of said timing circuit and the output of said calculator.
 18. A device according to claim 17 including a transmission gate coupling said calculator to said decoder.
 19. A device according to claim 18 wherein said mode switch is coupled to said transmission gate.
 20. A device according to claim 1, wherein said display is a liquid crystal display.
 21. A device according to claim 20, wherein said display is a field effect liquid crystal display.
 22. A device according to claim 12, wherein said display comprises a plurality of display stations, each formed of light-emitting diodes, a strobe signal source, and means coupling said strobe signal source to said display for sequentially energizing at least some of the stations of said display. 